【閥門安裝】①閥門的作用：閥門是用啟閉管路，調(diào)節(jié)被輸送介質(zhì)流向、壓力、流量，以達(dá)到控制介質(zhì)流動、滿足使用要求的重要管道部件。

　　【 Valve Installation 】 ① Valve Function: Valves are important pipeline components that use opening and closing pipelines to regulate the flow direction, pressure, and flow rate of the conveyed medium, in order to control the flow of the medium and meet usage requirements.

　?、陂y門的類型和特點(diǎn)：供熱管道工程中常用的閥門有：閘閥、截止閥、止回閥、柱塞閥、蝶閥、球閥、減壓閥、安全閥、疏水閥及平衡閥等。

　?、?Types and characteristics of valves: Commonly used valves in heating pipeline engineering include gate valves, globe valves, check valves, plunger valves, butterfly valves, ball valves, pressure reducing valves, safety valves, drain valves, and balance valves.

　　a.閘閥：閘閥是用于一般汽、水管路作全啟或全閉操作的閥門。閘閥的特點(diǎn)是安裝長度小，無方向性；全開啟時介質(zhì)流動阻力小；密封性能好；加工較為復(fù)雜，密封面磨損后不易修理。當(dāng)管徑大于DN50mm時宜選用閘閥。

　　a. Gate valve: A gate valve is a valve used for fully opening or closing general steam and water pipelines. The characteristics of gate valves are small installation length and lack of directionality; When fully open, the flow resistance of the medium is small; Good sealing performance; The processing is relatively complex, and the sealing surface is difficult to repair after wear. When the pipe diameter is greater than DN50mm, a gate valve should be selected.

　　b.截止閥：截止閥主要用來切斷介質(zhì)通路，也可調(diào)節(jié)流量和壓力。

　　b. Globe valve: Globe valve is mainly used to cut off the medium passage, and can also adjust the flow rate and pressure.

　　截止閥的特點(diǎn)是制造簡單、價格較低、調(diào)節(jié)性能好；安裝長度大，流阻較大；密封性較閘閥差，密封面易磨損，但維修容易；安裝時應(yīng)注意方向性，即低進(jìn)高出，不得裝反。

　　The characteristics of globe valves are simple manufacturing, low price, and good regulating performance; Large installation length and high flow resistance; The sealing performance is worse than that of gate valves, and the sealing surface is prone to wear, but easy to maintain; During installation, attention should be paid to directionality, that is, low in and high out, and installation should not be reversed.

　　c.柱塞閥：柱塞閥主要用于密封要求較高的地方，使用在水、蒸汽等介質(zhì)上。柱塞閥的特點(diǎn)是密封性好，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，啟閉靈活，壽命長，維修方便；但價格相對較高。

　　c. Piston valve: Piston valves are mainly used in places with high sealing requirements, and are used on media such as water and steam. The characteristics of plunger valves are good sealing, compact structure, flexible opening and closing, long service life, and easy maintenance; But the price is relatively high.

　　d.止回閥：止回閥是利用本身結(jié)構(gòu)和閥前閥后介質(zhì)的壓力差來自動啟閉的閥門，它的作用是使介質(zhì)只做一個方向的流動，而阻止其逆向流動。按結(jié)構(gòu)可分為升降式和旋啟式，前者適用于小口徑水平管道，后者適用于大口徑水平或垂直管道。止回閥常設(shè)在水泵的出口、疏水器的出口管道以及其他不允許流體反向流動的地方。

　　d. Check valve: A check valve is a valve that automatically opens and closes by utilizing its own structure and the pressure difference between the medium before and after the valve. Its function is to allow the medium to flow in only one direction while preventing it from flowing in the opposite direction. According to their structure, they can be divided into lifting and rotating types. The former is suitable for small-diameter horizontal pipelines, while the latter is suitable for large-diameter horizontal or vertical pipelines. Check valves are permanently installed at the outlet of water pumps, the outlet pipeline of steam traps, and other places where reverse fluid flow is not allowed.

　　e.蝶閥：蝶閥主要用于低壓介質(zhì)管路或設(shè)備上進(jìn)行全開全閉操作。按傳動方式可分為手動、渦輪傳動、氣動和電動。手動蝶閥可以安裝在管道任何位置，帶傳動機(jī)構(gòu)的蝶閥，必須垂直安裝，保證傳動機(jī)構(gòu)處于鉛垂位置。蝶閥的特點(diǎn)是體積小，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，啟閉方便、迅速且較省力，密封可靠，調(diào)節(jié)性能好。

　　e. Butterfly valve: Butterfly valves are mainly used for fully open and fully closed operations on low-pressure medium pipelines or equipment. According to the transmission mode, it can be divided into manual, turbine transmission, pneumatic, and electric. Manual butterfly valves can be installed at any position in the pipeline, while butterfly valves with transmission mechanisms must be installed vertically to ensure that the transmission mechanism is in a vertical position. The characteristics of butterfly valves are small size, simple structure, easy and quick opening and closing, reliable sealing, and good regulating performance.

　　f.球閥：球閥主要用于管路的快速切斷。主要特點(diǎn)是流體阻力小，啟閉迅速，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，密封性能好。球閥適用于低溫(不高于150℃)、高壓及黏度較大的介質(zhì)以及要求開關(guān)迅速的管道部位。

　　f. Ball valve: Ball valves are mainly used for quick cutting of pipelines. The main features are low fluid resistance, rapid opening and closing, simple structure, and good sealing performance. Ball valves are suitable for media with low temperature (not higher than 150 ℃), high pressure, and high viscosity, as well as pipeline parts that require quick opening and closing.

　　g.安全閥；安全閥是一種安全保護(hù)性的閥門，主要用于管道和各種承壓設(shè)備上，當(dāng)介質(zhì)工作壓力超過允許壓力數(shù)值時，安全閥自動打開向外排放介質(zhì)，隨著介質(zhì)壓力的降低，安全閥將重新關(guān)閉，從而避免管道和設(shè)備的超壓危險。安全閥分為杠桿式、彈簧式、脈沖式。安全閥適用于鍋爐房管道以及不同壓力級別管道系統(tǒng)中的低壓側(cè)。

　　g. Safety valve; A safety valve is a type of protective valve mainly used in pipelines and various pressure equipment. When the working pressure of the medium exceeds the allowable pressure value, the safety valve automatically opens to discharge the medium outward. As the medium pressure decreases, the safety valve will close again to avoid the danger of overpressure in pipelines and equipment. Safety valves are divided into lever type, spring type, and pulse type. Safety valves are suitable for the low-pressure side of boiler room pipelines and pipeline systems of different pressure levels.

　　h.減壓閥：減壓閥主要用于蒸汽管路，靠開啟閥孔的大小對介質(zhì)進(jìn)行節(jié)流從而達(dá)到減壓目的，它能依靠自力作用將閥后的壓力維持在一定范圍內(nèi)。減壓閥可分為活塞式、杠桿式、彈簧薄膜式、氣動薄膜式。

　　h. Pressure reducing valve: A pressure reducing valve is mainly used in steam pipelines to achieve pressure reduction by throttling the medium through the size of the valve opening. It can maintain the pressure behind the valve within a certain range by relying on its own force. Pressure reducing valves can be divided into piston type, lever type, spring diaphragm type, and pneumatic diaphragm type.

　　i.疏水閥：疏水閥安裝在蒸汽管道的末端或低處，主要用于自動排放蒸汽管路中的凝結(jié)水，阻止蒸汽逸漏和排除空氣等非凝性氣體，對保證系統(tǒng)正常工作，防止凝結(jié)水對設(shè)備的腐蝕以及汽水混合物對系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生水擊等均有重要作用。常用的疏水閥有浮桶式、熱動力式及波紋管式等幾種。

　　i. Drain valve: The drain valve is installed at the end or lower part of the steam pipeline, mainly used to automatically discharge condensed water in the steam pipeline, prevent steam leakage, and eliminate non condensable gases such as air. It plays an important role in ensuring the normal operation of the system, preventing corrosion of equipment by condensed water, and preventing water hammer caused by steam water mixture on the system. The commonly used drain valves include floating bucket type, thermal power type, and corrugated pipe type.

　　j.平衡閥；平衡閥對供熱系統(tǒng)管網(wǎng)的阻力和壓差等參數(shù)加以調(diào)節(jié)和控制，從而滿足管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)按預(yù)定要求正常、高效運(yùn)行。

　　j. Balance valve; The balance valve regulates and controls parameters such as resistance and pressure difference in the heating system pipeline network, in order to ensure that the pipeline system operates normally and efficiently according to predetermined requirements.

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